Simone
八年级下册重点语法和短语Unit 1 Will people have robots?重点语法：一般将来时态的应用 do/does 的一般将来时态形式：(shall/will) do do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态：(shall/will) be done一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句：People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.一般疑问句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?特殊疑问句例句：What will people have in a few years?重点短语：won't = will not they'll = they will she'll = she will he'll = he will I'll = I will fall in love with(sb./sth.) 爱上（某人/某物） be able to do sth. 能够做某事 come true 实现 in the future 未来 hundreds of 数以百计的 thousands of 数以千计的 look for(sb./sth.) 寻找（某人/某物） will → would 情态动词 will 的原形和过去式 may → might 情态动词 may 的原形和过去式Reading Strategy(阅读方法)Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about. (看着标题和空空图片，预知你要阅读那些方面的内容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information. (这样可以帮助你获得一些新的信息。)Unit 2 What should I do?重点语法：过去将来时态（将来时态的委婉说法） do/does 的过去将来时态形式：(should/would) do 雹悉 do/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态：(should/would) be done过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.一般疑问句例句：Should I write a letter to him?特殊疑问句例句：What should I do?重点短语：keep sb. out 不让某人进入 What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎么了？ out of style 不时髦的；过时的 call sb. up 给某人打电话 pay for sth. 为某事付款 part-time job 兼职工作 the same as = be same (to/with) 与……同样 in style 时髦的；流行的 get on [well] with sb. = get along [well] with sb. 与某人相处（好） didn't = did not couldn't = could not as ... as possible 尽可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 尽快) all kinds of 各种；许多 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 请求某人不要做某事 spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) [in] doing sth. 花钱做某事 sth. cost sb. (money) 某斗肆瞎人花钱为了某事 take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人时间做某事 find out 查明 find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事 be angry with sb. 生某人的气 be angry at sth. 生某事的气 the same age as = as old as 与某人年龄一样 have fight with sb. 与某人打架 learn to do sth. 学会做某事 not ... until ... 直到……才…… compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)与某事(B)作比较 it's time for sth. = it's time to do sth. 到该做某事的时间了 maybe adv. 或许 may be （情态动词 + 动词原形）可能是 shall → should 情态动词 shall 的原形和过去式 pay → paid → paid 动词 pay 的原形、过去式和过去分词Reading Strategy(阅读方法)You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary. (时刻学着应用新单词来学习比时刻使用字典这种途径方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的场合下，一本双语字典有时会给你错误的解释。)Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?重点语法：过去进行时态 do/does 的过去进行时态形式：(was/were) doing do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态：(was/were) being done过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.否定句例句：I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.一般疑问句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?特殊疑问句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?动词 when 和 while 的选择：when 后加瞬间动词，while 后加延续性动词。例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed. =While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.感叹句结构：(1) How + adj. + the + 主语 + 谓语动词 =(2) What + (a/an) + [adj.] + n. + 主语 + 谓语动词例句：What a beautiful flower [it is]! =How beautiful the flower is! What beautiful flowers [they are]! =How beautiful the flowers are!重点短语：get out 出去；离开 take off 起飞 run away 逃跑；跑掉 come in 进来 hear about = hear of 听说 take place 发生 as ... as 像……一样(eg/ as old as him 像他一样老) anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方 think about 考虑 think of 认为 get up = get out of the bed 起床 at the doctor's 在诊所 every day 每一天 everyday adj. 日常的 most adj. 大部分 the most 最多的 in space 在太空中 national hero 民族英雄 all over the world = in the world 全世界Reading Strategy(阅读方法)The title can be helpful for you to understand a text. (一篇文章的标题可以帮助你理解整篇文章。)It's also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read. (在阅读整篇文章之前，阅读每段的第一句话也是一个很有效的方法。)Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.重点语法：宾语从句结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语)例句：----I'm good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句) ----He says I'm good at English.注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。 例句：He says I'm good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。 例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。 例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。 例句：She said helping others changed her life.重点短语：direct speech 直接引语 reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料；照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（该事未做） forget doing sth. 忘记做某事（该事已做） it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说]……（加形容词） context 上下文Reading Strategy(阅读方法)First read for meaning, not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you don't know from the context. (至于不懂的单词，你可以通过上下文来寻找它的正确释义。)Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!重点语法：if 引导的条件状语从句结构：主句 + if + 条件状语从句 if + 条件状语从句 + [(comma)] + 主句注意：在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，主句应用将来时态，状语从句用一般现在时态。例句：You'll have a great time if you go to the party. =If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.重点短语：take away 拿走 around the world = all over the world 在世界各地 make a living 谋生 all the time = always 一直 What's the problem? = What's the matter? = What's wrong? 怎么了？ in order to do sth. 为了做某事 make sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事（to 省略，该结构是一个不带 to 的不定式。） make sb. adj. 使得某人……（加形容词） make sb. done 使得某人被做 be famous for 为……而出名 be famous as 作为……而出名 in class 在课堂上 spend ...(time/money) on sth. = spend ...(time/money) in doing sth. 花……（时间/钱）用于做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事（强调整个过程） see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事（强调偶然性） say → said → said 动词 say 的原形、过去式和过去分词 tell → told → told 动词 tell 的原形、过去式和过去分词 eat → ate → eaten 动词 eat 的原形、过去式和过去分词 speak → spoke → spoken 动词 speak 的原形、过去式和过去分词Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?重点语法：现在完成进行时态 do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式：have/has been doing do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态：have/has been being done现在完成进行时态所应用的场合：①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响例：我已上了三年初中。 I have been in Junior School for 3 years. 自从那次他与我谈过心后，我天天都在进步。 I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.否定句例句：I haven't been skating for five hours.一般疑问句例句：Have you been skating for five hours?特殊疑问句例句：How long have you been skating?注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用。例句：你借这本书已经多长时间了？ How long have you been keeping this book?
