问题补充说明:英语的过去式有哪些
动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1)规则变化
情况例词读音与说明
动词原形过去式过去分词
一般在动词原形后加-edlook
call
open
needlooked
called
opened
neededlooked[lukt]
called[kC:ld]
opened[5EupEnd360问答]
needed[ni:did]①-ed在清辅音严流更自胜怕山音素后
发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]
②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕
后发音为[id]
③但fix的过去式和过去
分词x不双写,为fixed.
以-e结尾的动词加-dmove
phone
hope
agreemoved
phoned
hoped
agreedm停术数室肥鱼短oved[mu:vd]
phoned[fEund]
hoped[hEupt]
agreed[E5^ri:d]
以离级医易求己晚辅音字母加y结尾的动激第片突总永察词,变y为i,
再加-edstudy
carry
trystudied
固studied
carriedstudied[5stQdid]
c销父友异他士苏北体殖天arried[5kA石足计煤七沙距句rid]
tried[traid剧言以]
以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-edplay
enjoy
stayplayed
enjoyed
stayedplayed[pleid]
enjoyed[in5dVCid]
stayed[steid]
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-edstop
plan
fitstopped
planned
fittedstopped[stCpt]
plan南普你低运便年若星草银ned[plAnd]
fitted[5fitid]
以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,
再加-edprefer
referpreferred
referredpreferr胶材台参ed[prI`f:d]
referred[ri5fE:]
2)不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规晶方示正不则,可分为五种情况。
1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
例:
原形过去式过去分词
cut(切)
hit(打)
cast(扔)
hurt措角杨烧职现(伤害)
put(放)
let(让)
shut(关)
cost(花费)
set(放)
rid(清除)cut
hit
cast
hurt
put
let
shut
cos客春话求t
set
ridcut
h划it
cast
hurt
put
let
shut
cost
se减么喜孩宣皇做音志林杀t
rid
2.过去式与过值去分词完全同形。
例:
原形过去式过去分词
find(找到)
pay(支付)
leave(离开)
len则官流载底顺d(借出)
meet(遇见)
keep(保持)
lose(丢失)
teach(教)
sit(坐)
lead(引导)
win(赢)除)found
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
wonfound
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
won
3.动词原形与过去分词同形
例:
原形过去式过去分词
come(来)
run(跑)
become(成为)came
ran
becamecome
run
become
4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
例:
原形过去式过去分词
give(给)
fly(飞)
drink(喝)
see(看见)
go(去)
know(知道)
wear(穿)
speak(说)gave
flew
drank
saw
went
knew
wore
spokegiven
flown
drunk
seen
gone
known
worn
spoken
5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式
例:
原形过去式过去分词
burn(燃烧)burned
burntburned
burnt
learn(学习)learned
learntlearned
learnt
smell(闻)smelled
smeltsmelled
smelt
spell(拼写)spelled
speltspelled
spelt
shine(照射)shined
shoneshined
shone
leap(跳)leaped
leaptleaped
leapt
提示
a.beat的过去式与原形同形:
比:beat(打击)beat(过去式)beaten(过去分词)
b.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比:lielied,lied(说谎)
lay,lain(躺,位于)
c.hang有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比:hanghanged,hanged(处绞刑)
hung,hung(挂,吊)
d.welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词
比:welcomewelcomed,welcomed(正)
welcome,welcome(误)
e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词
比:hit(打)hit,hit(正)
hitted,hitted(误)
6现在分词的变化规则
规则动词原形现在分词及发音
一般在动词原形词尾加-ing,-ing发音为[iN]go
push
play
carrygoing[5^EuiN]
pushing[5puFiN]
playing[pleiiN]
carrying[5kAriiN]
以不发音的e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ingtake
write
leavetaking[5teikiN]
writing[5raitiN]
leaving[5li:viN]
重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果词尾只有一个辅音字母,要将该辅音字母双写,再加-ingcut
stop
fit
begin
forgetcutting[5kQtiN]
stopping[5stCpiN]
fitting[5fitiN]
beginning[bi5^iniN]forgetting[fE5^etiN]
以ie结尾的动词,要把ie改为y,再加-inglie
die
tielying[5laiiN]
dying[5daiiN]
tying[5taiiN]